The Citadel of Cairo is a medieval Islamic fortress that was built by Saladin in 1176 and further expanded by later Egyptian rulers. For almost 700 years, from the 13th to the 19th century, it was the seat of Egypt's government and the residence of its rulers. The location of the Citadel on Moqattam Hill, not far from the city center, was of strategic importance. At the time of its construction, it was one of the most impressive and ambitious military fortification projects of its time. Since 1979, the complex has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of Historic Cairo. Visitors also have a magnificent view of the city from the hill.
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At the highest point of the Citadel, the Albanian-Ottoman governor and de facto ruler of Egypt, Mohammed Ali Pasha, had the impressive mosque, named after him, constructed. Built between 1830 and 1848, the building is also known as the "Alabaster Mosque " because the interior is clad in alabaster.
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The Khan el Khalili Bazaar is located just under three kilometers north of the Citadel. The bazaar was founded in the 14th century on the site of a former Mamluk cemetery as a caravan depot and trading center and is considered the largest bazaar in Africa. Souvenirs, antiques and jewelry are mainly sold in the numerous small alleyways.